In modern engines, usually a crankshaft sensor is present which generates a periodic signal
with a number of cycles per revolution of the engine.
The RPM I/O can be used to convert this signal into revolutions per minute.
The engine speed can be calculated multiple times per revolution.
Because of this, variations in the engine speed during a revolution can be seen.
In a typical crankshaft signal, gaps because of "missing" pulses are present. The signal can for example consist of three times eighteen cycles of a sine and a two cycle gap per revolution, which results in sixty cycles per revolution. The gaps are detected internally by the RPM I/O and the number of RPMs is only detected between each cycle of the sine wave.
For reliable determination of the RPMs, the sample frequency of the instrument must be 10 kS/s or higher.
In the figure you can see a crankshaft signal of a truck during start-up (graph 1), which is converted to the engine speed with an RPM I/O (graph 2). Graph 3 is again the crankshaft signal, zoomed in at a gap in the signal.
To view the number of revolutions per minute as a number, enable the cursor readout of the graph or use a Meter.
The RPM I/O can also be used to determine the frequency of a signal. Set the Pulses per revolution to 60 and the Unit to Hz.
To control the behavior of the RPM I/O, several properties are available. These can be accessed through a popup menu which is shown when the I/O is right clicked.
The property Maximum RPM sets the upper limit of the output range of the RPM I/O. Several default values are available, as well as a user defined setting.
The Pulses per revolution property must be filled with the number of periods that the crankshaft signal of the used engine prooduces per revolution. This number must included the "missing" pulses in the gap(s). Several commonly used values can be selected from, a user defined setting is available as well. The default setting is 60 pulses per revolution.
To detect the pulses in the signal, the RPM I/O uses a voltage level to compare the input signal with. The property Mid level sets this level. Some commonly used values can be selected from, as well as a user defined setting.
For proper detection of the pulses in the signal, the RPM I/O can also use a hysteresis around the Mid level. The property Hysteresis sets it. Some commonly used values can be selected from, as well as a user defined setting.
In a typical crankshaft signal, gaps because of "missing" pulses are present. In some crankshaft signals, the signal shape at the start of the gap can cause the RPM I/O to make a wrong rpm determination, resulting in a strange peak or dip in the rpm graph. The property Ignore periods before gap tells the RPM I/O to ignore periods before the gap, giving a more stable rpm determination. Several default values can be selected from, as well as a user defined setting. The default setting is 0.
In a typical crankshaft signal, gaps because of "missing" pulses are present. In some crankshaft signals, the signal shape at the end of the gap can cause the RPM I/O to make a wrong rpm determination, resulting in a strange peak or dip in the rpm graph. The property Ignore periods after gap tells the RPM I/O to ignore periods after the gap, giving a more stable rpm determination. Several default values can be selected from, as well as a user defined setting. The default setting is 0.
You can change the displayed name of an object by giving it an Alias. This can be handy when you are dealing with a lot of objects and have problems keeping them apart. You can for example give channel one of your instrument the alias "Battery", when it is measuring a battery voltage. To give an object an alias, use the item Alias ... in its menu. To remove an alias and revert to the original name of the object, set the alias to an empty string.
By default, the unit of most sources and I/O's is V for Volt. You can change the unit of most sources and I/O objects with the item Set unit... in the menu of the object. A string value can be entered in the dialog box that is shown.
When multiple sources or I/O's are displayed in a graph or a meter, they can be distinguished from each other by their Color. Three different color settings are available for a source or an I/O.
To disconnect all sources from an I/O or Sink at once, use the Disconnect all sources action.
To disconnect one or more sinks from an I/O or Source, use the Disconnect sink(s) action. This will show a dialog that lists all connected sinks. Individual sinks can then be selected and disconnected from the object.
To disconnect all sinks from an I/O or source at once, use the Disconnect all sinks action.
When a new object is to be created, similar to an already existing object, with the same properties, the Clone action can be used. This will create an identical copy of the original object, with the exact same properties. Source(s) and sink(s) of the new object are not yet connected.
The Delete action deletes a source, I/O or sink. All connections of the object will be disconnected and then the object will be removed from the object tree. The source property of the objects that used this object as source will be cleared. The sink property of the objects that used this object as sink will be cleared. An axis in a graph that was connected to this object will be also deleted.
The Export data action allows to export the data of an object to a file. This is detailed described on the page about Exporting data.
The Load action allows to load the settings and data for an object from a TPS or TPO file. This is detailed described on the page about Loading into selected objects.
The Save as action allows to save the settings and data of one or more objects to a TPO file. When multiple objects are selected, the connections between the objects are saved as well. This is detailed described on the page about Saving objects to a TPO file.