In the cursor window of each graph and in meters, various different measurements can be selected. These measurements include:
In the cursor window the following additional measurements are possible:
| Icon | Measurement |
|---|---|
 |
Left |
 |
Right |
 |
Right-Left |
 |
Slope |
 |
Top |
 |
Bottom |
 |
Top-Bottom |
Short description
This section gives a short description of the standard measurements for the meter and cursors.
The measurements are calculated over a sample range. When using the cursor window with the vertical cursors switched on, the sample range is equal to the samples in between the left and right cursor. When the vertical cursors are switched off, or in a meter object, the sample range is equal to the post samples.
Some measurements are explained with a formula. In these formulas the following applies:
- m corresponds to the index of the first sample in the sample range
- n corresponds to the index of the last sample in the sample range
- N is the number of samples in the sample range and is equal to n - m + 1
- xi corresponds to the ith sample
Maximum
The measurement 
Maximum is the highest value in the sample range.
Minimum
The measurement 
Minimum is the lowest value in the sample range.
Maximum-Minimum
The measurement 
Maximum-Minimum, also known as peak-peak is the highest value in the sample range minus the lowest value.
Root Mean Square (RMS)
The measurement 
RMS
is equal to the square root of the mean of the squares of all samples in the sample range:
Mean
The measurement 
Mean
is the mean value of all samples in the sample range.
Variance
The measurement 
Variance is a measure of how values are distributed around the mean value.
Standard Deviation
The measurement 
Standard deviation (σ) is equal to the square root of the variance.
The standard deviation is equal to the RMS value for signals with a zero mean value (AC signals).
Frequency
The measurement 
Frequency determines the frequency of a time based signal.
The frequency is determined by searching the rising slopes in a signal and measuring the time between them.
For a correct measurement, at least two rising slopes must be present in the sample range.
Period
The measurement 
Period determines the period time of a time based signal.
The period time is determined by searching the rising slopes in a signal and measuring the time between them.
For a correct measurement, at least two rising slopes must be present in the sample range.
Duty cycle
The measurement 
Duty cycle is defined as the ratio between the time that a signal is higher than half the amplitude
and the period.
It is expressed as a percentage.
Duty cycle inverted
The measurement 
Duty cycle inverted is defined as the ratio between the time that a signal is
lower than half the amplitude and the period.
It is expressed as a percentage.
Crest factor
The 
Crest
factor is equal to the peak amplitude of a waveform divided by the RMS value.
The Crest factor can be used to get an idea of the quality of a signal. A signal with more peaks will have a higher Crest factor. The following table lists some Crest factors for some ideal standard signals.
| Signal type | Crest factor |
|---|---|
| Sine | √2 ≈ 1.414 |
| Triangle | √3 ≈ 1.732 |
| Block | 1 |
| DC | 1 |
Rise time
The 
Rise
time is the time it takes for the signal to rise from 10% to 90% of its top-bottom value.
The first rising slope in the sample range is used.
Fall time
The 
Fall
time is the time it takes for the signal to fall from 90% to 10% of its top-bottom value.
The first falling slope in the sample range is used.
Slew rate
The 
Slew
rate is defined as the change of voltage per unit of time and is expressed in V/s.
The first edge in the sample range is used.
dBm
dBm is the power ratio
in decibels of the measured power referenced to one milliwatt.
The following formula is used, in which an adjustable virtual reference resistor
Rref is used to convert the measured voltage to power.
The default value of Rref is 600Ω
Power
Power shows the
amount of electrical power that is dissipated in a virtual reference resistor by the measured signal.
The following formula is used, in which an adjustable virtual reference resistor
Rref is used to convert the measured voltage to power.
The default value of Rref is 600Ω
Period count
Period count determines the number of periods in a signal.
It uses the mid level crossings in the signal to determine the amount of periods.
For a correct measurement, at least three mid level crossings must be present in the sample range.
Pulse count (positive)
Pulse count (positive) determines the number of rising pulses in a signal.
It uses the mid level crossings in the signal to determine the amount of pulses.
For a correct measurement, at least two mid level crossings must be present in the sample range.
Pulse count (negative)
Pulse count (negative) determines the number of falling pulses in a signal.
It uses the mid level crossings in the signal to determine the amount of pulses.
For a correct measurement, at least two mid level crossings must be present in the sample range.
Pulse width (positive)
Pulse width (positive) determines the width of rising pulses in a signal.
It uses the mid level crossings in the signal to determine the width of pulses.
For a correct measurement, at least two mid level crossings must be present in the sample range. When multiple pulses occur in the sample range, the average width of all detected pulses is shown.
Pulse width (negative)
Pulse width (negative) determines the width of falling pulses in a signal.
It uses the mid level crossings in the signal to determine the width of pulses.
For a correct measurement, at least two mid level crossings must be present in the sample range. When multiple pulses occur in the sample range, the average width of all detected pulses is shown.
Rising edge count
Rising edge count determines the number of rising edges in a signal.
It uses the mid level crossings in the signal to determine the amount of edges.
For a correct measurement, at least two mid level crossings must be present in the sample range.
Falling edge count
Falling edge count determines the number of falling edges in a signal.
It uses the mid level crossings in the signal to determine the amount of edges.
For a correct measurement, at least two mid level crossings must be present in the sample range.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is defined as the ratio between the power of the harmonic frequencies above the base frequency and the power of the base frequency. This ratio is displayed in dB. It is a measure of the distortion in a signal.
The THD is calculated using the following formula:
where V1 is the RMS amplitude of the base frequency and V2 to Vn are the RMS amplitudes of each higher harmonic.
The THD measurement can only be used on frequency based signals or spectra.
Left
The measurement Left
can be used in the cursor window.
It is the value of the signal at the position of the left cursor.
Right
The measurement
Right can be used in the cursor window.
It is the value of the signal at the position of the right side cursor.
Right-Left
The measurement
Right-Left can be used in the cursor window.
It is the difference between the magnitude of the signal at the position of the right and left cursor.
Slope
The Slope
of a signal is the change of magnitude divided by the elapsed time.
The measurement slope determines the slope in a signal between the left and the right cursor.
Top
The measurement Top
can be used in the cursor window.
It represents the value of the signal at the position of the top cursor.
Bottom
The measurement
Bottom can be used in the cursor window.
It represents the value of the signal at the position of the bottom cursor.
Top-Bottom
The measurement
Top-Bottom can be used in the cursor window.
It represents the difference between the signal magnitudes at the positions of the top and bottom cursor.
Reference resistor
A user configurable virtual impedance is available that is used by the Power measurement
and the dBm measurement
.
Cicking the 
Impedance button in the cursor readout window will allow to set its value.
Its default value is 600 Ω.
